Introduction
For years, conversations about education in Boston have focused on the schools. Do they perform well? Are they equitable? Are they innovating fast enough? These are important questions, and this report will address some of them. But they are not the only questions that matter.
These questions assume that the schools, operating alone, are responsible for whether students succeed. The reality is more complex: Boston’s capacity to fulfill education’s core promise, including mobility, opportunity, and civic participation, depends on far more than any single institution. It depends on what happens before students ever enter a classroom, and long after they leave: whether students have access to high quality early childhood experiences, whether their health and social needs are met, whether they can see a path from school to career and beyond. This report, therefore, doesn’t simply ask whether any one institution delivers. It makes visible Boston’s broader education infrastructure, spanning early childhood through postsecondary, including community organizations, city agencies, employers, and foundations, and highlights the collective role these partners play in ensuring the success of Boston’s young people from cradle to career.
From its inception in 2010, Opportunity Boston (formerly known as the Boston Opportunity Agenda) has served as the city’s cradle-to-career backbone, as the connector, convener, and sustainer of partnerships across the education continuum, including networks of education system leaders, community-based education organizations, families, and educators. Partnerships are not enough without a coherent framework that connects them. A cradle-to-career lens insists that educational outcomes cannot be understood or fixed by looking at schools in isolation, or by intervening at any single stage. By holding the full arc of a person’s development in view, this report documents the principle that drives Opportunity Boston: that the question is not whether Boston schools are succeeding, but whether Boston itself, as a coordinated community, can ensure that every student reaches adulthood with genuine opportunity.
What you will find in this report is an assessment of Boston students’ academic outcomes across the pipeline: Some scores are increasing, disparities are narrowing, but much improvement is still needed. Partnerships can help to address these fundamentals. Along with classroom learning, partnerships fill critical gaps in developmental and mental health supports, early childhood access, tutoring, mentoring, college advising, and career exposure. The tension here is that while we work to meet students’ daily needs and strengthen traditional academic skills, we must also adapt. Boston’s students are entering a world that looks radically different from the one that shaped traditional education. Artificial intelligence is reshaping professions. The skills that lead to economic mobility have shifted as employers increasingly demand critical thinking and digital fluency alongside traditional academics. These shifts are moving faster than school districts alone can restructure curricula, budgets and training. Boston’s education infrastructure depends on sustained partnerships more than ever before. In addition to supporting foundational learning, partners can quickly provide specialized expertise, and innovations that schools need to stay responsive in a world in motion.
Boston has a mayor and BPS has a superintendent who are deeply invested in and committed to long‑term education improvement, working in alignment with statewide efforts and countless other education leaders across the cradle‑to‑career continuum. This report is timely as it marks a return to routinely reviewing the outcomes for the majority of children and youth in Boston, enabling a consistent mechanism for collective accountability. (Previous reports from 2012 through 2022 were called the “Boston Opportunity Agenda Annual Report Card”). Since 2023 Opportunity Boston has transitioned leadership and deepened its role as the cradle-to-career collective impact leader, taking on leadership of Success Boston, a postsecondary completion initiative, and increasing partnerships with the Boston Mayor’s Office of Early Childhood and the Boston Children’s Council. The re-introduction of the cradle-to-career outcomes report establishes a renewed baseline, covering the period since the last report card. Its purpose is to highlight where we are succeeding, where we still have work to do, and to anchor our collective commitment. The numbers in these pages belong not just to educators; they belong to all of us. Moving forward, success in Boston’s education pipeline depends on how well we as a city of employers, universities, health systems, community organizations, foundations, and families take shared responsibility for student outcomes.
Mattapan Neighborhood of Opportunity: An Opportunity Boston Initiative
Successfully building a coordinated and connected community begins with families and children forming relationships within their neighborhoods. Place-based work advances this goal by strengthening local connections and aligning resources to support children and families across every stage of development.
Grounded in these principles, the Mattapan Neighborhood of Opportunity Initiative, led by Opportunity Boston in partnership with the City of Boston Children’s Council, is a community-driven effort to improve conditions for children, youth, and families in Mattapan, with a particular focus on people ages 0–22. The initiative builds on the many assets that already exist in Mattapan and incorporates community input to co-develop solutions that address the needs of students and families and support stability, economic mobility, and long-term success.
This work takes a holistic approach, recognizing that student success is shaped by multiple factors from the role schools play, including Boston Public Schools’ community hub schools, to challenges such as food insecurity that affect family stability and student engagement. Boston’s community hub schools are public schools that serve as neighborhood anchors—integrating academics with health, social services, expanded learning, family engagement, and community partnerships to support students’ and families’ whole needs, during and beyond the school day. By grounding this initiative in community voice, shared data, and coordinated action, the Mattapan Neighborhood of Opportunity initiative seeks to ensure that Mattapan’s young people and families have the supports and opportunities needed to thrive.
The re-introduction of the cradle-to-career outcomes report establishes a renewed baseline, covering the period since the last report card. Its purpose is to highlight where we are succeeding, where we still have work to do, and to anchor our collective commitment.
How to Read This Report
This report is organized around five critical points in the cradle-to-career pipeline:
- Kindergarten Readiness: Foundation for all future learning
- Early Grade Reading: Critical transition because gaps that exist by third grade rarely close
- Middle Grade Math: Gateway to STEM careers and economic opportunity
- High School: Graduation and preparation for postsecondary success
- Postsecondary: Credential completion and economic opportunity
Each section presents data on Boston students, outlines partnerships that support them, identifies areas needing more support, and recommends next steps, while underscoring that success depends on systemwide coordination.
Data Approach and Definitions
The report includes data for Boston Public Schools (BPS) and Commonwealth Charter Public Schools in Boston across nearly all outcomes, with the exception of kindergarten readiness, MyCAP (career and academic planning), and the college, career, and life readiness metrics, which reflect BPS data only. Capturing outcomes for over 80 percent of school-aged students, the data demonstrate the citywide relevance of these findings.2,3
Most data are publicly available, except for BPS data on kindergarten readiness, MyCAP, and college, career, and life readiness. These data are aggregated to show broad trends and do not fully reflect the complexity of individual student experiences. We continue to partner with data owners and collaborate with data and research experts to responsibly interpret findings and deepen learning across the cradle-to-career pipeline. At the same time, the data presented are descriptive and do not control for additional factors or capture all intersections and overlapping identities among student groups. Analyses that examine the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender are currently limited to BPS data only. Importantly, disaggregating data by race and ethnicity is not done to reinforce deficit-based framing, but to illuminate how the current system impacts student groups differently. Across the education pipeline, persistent equity gaps highlight the ongoing need for targeted cross-sector strategies to ensure opportunity for all students.
Data Dictionary
The following definitions are provided by the Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education to provide context to the data.4
Low-Income: Students are classified as low-income if they are identified as homeless or have documentation indicating they participate in at least one of the following programs: the Transitional Assistance for Families with Dependent Children, the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, the Department of Children and Families’ foster care program, and MassHealth, which now covers incomes up to 185 percent of the federal poverty level.
Students with Disabilities: Students are classified as having a disability if they have an Individual Education Plan.
Notes:
2. Ciurczak, P. (2024, June 17). Empty desks: The enrollment crisis in Boston public schools. Boston Indicators. https://www.bostonindicators.org/article-pages/2024/june/empty_desks_enrollment
3. U.S. Census Bureau. (2024). Age and sex, American community survey, ACS 1-Year estimates subject tables, Table S0101. U.S. Census Bureau. https://data.census.gov/table/ACSST1Y2024.S0101?g=160XX00US2507000&y=2024
4. Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. (n.d.). About the data. Massachusetts Department of Elementary and Secondary Education. https://profiles.doe.mass.edu/help/data.aspx?section=students